Secure services

News is full of security breaches and unpatched systems exposed to known vulnerabilities every day. You as security researcher experience on a daily base the evidence of this and came across in interesting server, which seems to use an unpatched operating system.

Task 1: What is the hash of proof.txt?

Task 2: What is the directory to be found at robots.txt?

Task 3: What is the name of the exploit to use?

Task 4: What is the vulnerability to use to gain root access?